by — meaning in Russian: от

Definition

▶ by

The word 'by' indicates the agent performing an action in a sentence, often showing the means, method, or proximity of that action.

Слово 'by' указывает на агента, выполняющего действие в предложении, часто показывая средство, метод или близость этого действия.

▶ The book was written by a famous author.

Книга была написана известным автором.

▶ She traveled by train to the city.

Она поехала в город на поезде.

▶ The painting was created by an artist in the 19th century.

Картина была создана художником в 19 веке.